Thursday, October 21, 2010

Walmart: Supporting local farms & regional economies?

Walmart, the world's largest retailer, is probably best known for its history of effectively crippling local economies. So, its announcement to support the sustainable, local food movement comes as a huge surprise. The first three articles I read online had me literally scoffing out loud. But, given the sheer size of the corporation, any positive changes it makes could lead to widespread results. The question is, will all of the results be positive?
Here are some of the changes that Walmart has proposed:
  • Walmart plans to double the amount of locally grown produce it sells by the end of 2015 (reaching  a level of 9% in US stores)
  • They plan to sell $1 billion in food produced by 1 million small and medium sized farmers by the end of 2015
  • They expect to raise the income of local farmers by 10-15% 
  • They have promised to provide training to 1 million farmers and farm workers, providing education in areas such as crop rotation and sustainable practices (they estimate 50% of those educated will be women)
  • They plan to encourage the production of more food using fewers resources, while producing less waste (why doesn't this practice apply to ALL farmers they purchase from, local or not?)
  • Walmart says they will now ask suppliers about the water, energy, fertilizer and pesticide use per unit of food (but will they supply those details to consumers?)
  • They also plan to focus on the two major contributors to global deforestation: palm oil and beef production (promising to purchase & use products from those who use sustainable practices)
  • Even more ambitious are the numbers for Canada - Walmart plans to boost local food numbers to 30% by the end of 2013
  • Walmart hopes to encourage local farmers to return to growing fruits and vegetables that used to grow in that region, ie. more heritage varieties ( How will the-lord-over-all-that-grows, Monsanto, feel about these *coff* heritage seeds?)
The questions this announcement doesn't address is whether or not the use of GM foods will be allowed and whether or not customers will be privy to the information collected by Walmart. It's all well and good to say that you are going to ask someone about their practices. It's another thing altogether to act responsibly on those answers. I'd really like to know what Walmart considers sustainable and whether or not an annual income increase of 10-15% is really considered enough. What kind of hidden costs are involved in signing a contract of this magnitude with Walmart? And, what will Monsanto have to say about the use of 'heritage' seeds? Call me skeptical, but their plans sound too good to be true.
Even though I'll still never shop at Walmart, I'm giving them half a thumb up for effort. Any change affected by such a huge corporation is bound to go far. There are plenty of people who shop regularly at Walmart so there is huge potential for good here... but, if you're anything like me you're thinking "What's the catch?"
Your thoughts?

Wednesday, October 20, 2010

Foraging for Mushrooms

To me, the word 'forage' usually conjures up images of forests, walking sticks and wicker baskets. It also implies searching at great length and possibly coming up empty-handed. There are no guarantees in foraging. So, when I decided to 'forage' for wild mushrooms around the property I thought it would have involved more work. Lucky for me I could see the treasures - giant puff-balls - from the comfort of my kitchen. Not much of a mushroom foraging expedition, if you ask me.

The giant puff-ball is quite the spectacle, as far as mushrooms go. The fruit body can range from 5-80 cm across, although ones of much larger proportions have been recorded.

You should only pick specimens when they are young and white in colour. Tap the top of the mushroom and listen for a hollow sound. You can check its age by cutting through; the knife should pass through crisply, without tearing the flesh. If the outer wall breaks away to expose spore mass it will turn yellow in colour. Do not eat puff-balls that are in this stage.

Giant puff-balls grow in pastures and woodlands from early summer through to late autumn, although if the weather is very dry they will not grow at all. If you're lucky enough to find a giant puff-ball chances are there will be many others nearby. They grow in the same place year after year, so be sure to keep track of where you find the fruit.

Since there is no satisfactory way to store puff-balls it is recommended that you consume them within 3 days. They can be stored in the fridge, provided they are wrapped in plastic wrap. Likewise, they can be cooked into dishes and frozen for later consumption.

Before eating, wipe the mushroom clean with a damp cloth and slice into pieces. Puff-balls work extremely well in all mushroom dishes, particularly soups and stews. You can also fry them up with eggs and bacon or dip them in beaten eggs and breadcrumbs and lightly fry in bacon fat.

If you are uncertain about a species of mushroom DO NOT EAT IT. Quite often edible wild mushrooms have a poisonous sister mushroom that can cause either extreme discomfort or death. Do careful research and ask an expert if you're uncertain. It should be noted that the giant puff-ball does not have a poisonous twin sister and is easily identifiable.

Monday, October 18, 2010

Hunters are locavores, too: Part 1

In my neck of the woods the mere mention of hunting is met with looks of disgust and disbelief. How could anyone kill an innocent animal for food?


I grew up in Manitoba, a hunter's daughter with a big heart. I felt sorry for everything that died by my father's hands and held private funerals for them when he wasn't looking. Silly, I know, but I was a sensitive kid.

As I grew up I got used to the sight of dead animals and blood, and although I would eat wild meat, I never joined the family hunts. My brothers have made a living off of hunting. They own their own outfitting companies and when they're not running their businesses, they're guiding for someone else's. My dad has designed and manufactured a muzzleloader bullet that “kills on contact.” He was so disturbed by the suffering of animals that he vowed not to hunt until he could produce a more accurate bullet.

When I tell my friends here in Ontario about my family in Manitoba it's like telling them that I'm related to Charles Manson. Immediately following the looks of disbelief, come the questions and speeches and unsolicited opinions. People often assume that hunters are gun-toting hillbillies who kill merely out of sport and do not respect nature. This couldn't be further from the truth.

This spring I decided to join my brother for the Manitoba spring bear hunt. I'd heard all the stories but had never joined him in the bush. I didn't go to actually kill anything since I am untrained in firearms safety, have barely shot a gun and do not possess a hunting license. I went merely to observe. Bear hunting required full camo - face, hands, everything – Scent Lok clothing and a pair of hip-waders. The bush behind my brother's house in rural Manitoba looks like rainforest in some spots and the area we hunted was like nothing I had ever seen before. I walked a 1/2 mile through swamp and moss up to my knees. Mosquito swarms were as thick as Hamilton smog on a hot day and they were hungry. Moss clung to trees like dirty laundry thrown haphazardly in the wind. The sun shone down hard. Sweat ran down my back in streams. Or, were those wood ticks? I couldn’t tell anymore. When we arrived at the clearing, my brother pointed to a tall, almost-dead conifer tree. It had a zillion branches coming out every which way and he instructed me to climb it. I looked at him incredulously. Climb? In hip-waders? Most hunters would have used screw-in metal steps, but my brother wasn’t most anything. The old sibling rival in me accepted the challenge knowing that if I made a fuss I’d never be invited out again. As ridiculous as it sounds, being invited was a huge honour and I didn’t want to screw it up. Impressively, I quickly and quietly climbed some 20 feet up the tree.

My brother had advised me not to speak, lest I scare the bears away. So, I sat in the tree stand above my brother's and silently swatted at the 'skitters' that tried to settle on my face. I barely breathed as I stared into the clearing below. The first hour dragged. I must admit, I’m not very good at keeping quiet. When we used to play ‘Who can be the quietest for the longest?’ I always lost. I was dying for a book, Twitter updates, Facebook, a crossword - anything to occupy my brain. All I could think about were the zillions of things I could have been doing if only I weren't sitting up there in that stupid tree. How city kid of me.

After a while the noise in my brain started to settle. I stopped worrying and started taking in my surroundings. Soon, all thoughts disappeared and, as corny as it sounds, I became one with my surroundings. It's honestly the closest I've ever come to meditation.

Our camouflage outfits had been washed to remove all trace of human scent. Under the surface layer of camo, we were wearing a layer of Scent-Lok clothing to lock in any body odour. The layers seriously contributed to the sweat that I could feel trickling unfemininely down my back.

Nature continued its course, unaware of our presence. Birds flew in and landed on branches just feet away from my face. Squirrels made strange noises, chattering noisily in argument for hours. By the time the bears lumbered into the clearing in search of food, hungry after a winter of fasting, I had almost forgotten why we were there. They routed around, scratched their bony bums on trees, and snacked on scraps of food left on the ground and lucky me, I got to watch it all from the comfort of my tree stand.

My brother and I sat in that tree for over 5 hours without saying a word. He never raised his bow once, although the opportunity had been there. As a nature lover, it was, perhaps, the most beautiful five hours of my life. I felt extremely privileged for having been there.

When we got back to the house, my brother’s wife asked how the hunt had gone. I laughed. “I guess I can’t really count this as a hunting trip since we didn’t kill anything,” I responded. “Of course you can,” my brother insisted. “What do you think hunting is all about?” What did I think hunting was all about?

My brother offered me a beer and we sat around a bonfire talking about all we’d seen that day. We laughed at the chattering squirrels and looked up the birds we'd observed. I commented on the condition of the tree we’d sat in, the swamp we’d hiked through, and my frustration with the mosquitoes and wood ticks. At one time there had been five bears circling underneath our tree. We had been particularly entertained by the bear that had spent at least twenty minutes scratching his bum on a tree stump. We dubbed him “B-squared, or bald bum.” Weeks later my brother would text me to tell me that B-squared had been under his tree again.

Since I vowed never to eat factory farmed meat again, I have re-evaluated my stand on hunting. Hunting is natural and has been a part of life for as long as we have. What isn't natural is factory farming. My vow to eat local, organic meat from animals that have lived a long and happy life hasn't been easy to honour, given the options. But, how much more local, organic and fairly treated can you get than animals that have eaten only what Nature has provided and have wandered free all their lives? Hunters have a deep understanding and profound respect for nature - more so than many of the city people I know. The way I see it, hunters are locavores too.
Stay tuned for more in the Hunters are locavores, too series.

The Versatile Blogger Award

A while ago I was given the Versatile Blogger Award by a fellow blogger, Kim Meier. I am flattered and honoured that she chose me and my blog - Thank you, Kim!
Kim writes a blog entitled, "Gardening. Cooking. Eating. Discovering. Sharing. Ottawa". It is honest, fun and informative. She recently posted ab blog about smoked tomatoes - just one more thing I can do with all those tomatoes I grew this year.
So, here's how it works: First, I thank Kim for giving me this award. Then, I pass the award on to another deserving blogger.
There is no doubt in my mind who I am choosing: Kelly (last name unknown) who writes Eat Local London. Check out her frequently updated blog for tidbits on local food in the London, Ontario region. She visits local farms, tries new foods and even grows her own. Since she's been at this for a while, there's a lot there to read. Eat Local London is informative, entertaining and inciteful. Personally, it's my favourite blog to read. Enjoy!
Other blogs I enjoy:
Sheryl Kirby's Serious Eats
Sarah Elton's The Locavore
Beer and Butter Tarts
Kristen Glasbergen's Peace, Love and Muesli
Joel Solish's The Community Foodist

Wednesday, August 25, 2010

Lard or shortening?

Growing up in the '80s meant that my parents held a mixture of old family values and new-fangled ideals. These rifts and divisions were most evident in the kitchen where ounces became grams and lard became shortening.While my mom's mom used lard, my mom herself never did. She was of the 'heart-friendly generation' and vegetable bi-products were all the rage. Well into the 21st century we may have swapped imperial for metric, but the debate between lard and shortening is still raging. I've read arguments that go both ways. Some say animal fat is responsible for clogged arteries and heart disease. Others argue that it's the only way to go. Personally, I'm on the fence.

My mom's mom was infamous for her pie crusts. According to my mom, they never failed. When I was old enough to reach the counter I was allowed in on the secret recipe, although at that time I think I was more excited about the rolling pin than any secret recipe. When I finally got my own copy in my mom's handwriting the mix of family values was ever-present. The first thing the recipe called for was a 1/2 lb of lard or shortening. I'm pretty sure my mom wrote the "or shortening" part. She left in the "1/2 lb" part, though.

By the time I got the recipe I found it confusing. Ummm, what is lard and just where do I find it? Never mind that, how do I measure pounds? The package of shortening was always measured in grams.

So, needless to say, when I went to Magda Farm this weekend to pick up my family box of fairly and ethically raised pork, I wasn't overly enthusiastic when I was offered a free bucket of pig's lard. What on earth would I do with it? The answer: make pie!

I stared at the bucket for a few days, finally working up the nerve to open it. It smelled faintly of bacon, a smell that normally made me very happy. But pie isn't supposed to smell like bacon. I looked at it skeptically but, since I had promised Vera Top (of Magda Farm) to give it a try and report back, I carefully spooned the soft fat into a large bowl. Placing the bowl on the scale, I measured out a 1/2 pound. The dough itself was much more pliable and easy to work with than what I was used to. I hoped that the pie wouldn't taste like bacon, though.
While the pie (delicious blueberry!) was baking in the oven, I sat down to my computer to do a little research. I had recently read that lard was winning the health debate. I'm not surprised - shortening is a vegetable bi-product, mostly made of corn, and some 90% of corn is genetically modified, designed and patented by evil Monsanto. Wherever possible I eliminate support of Monsanto and genetically modified foods, so I was willing to give Vera's lard a try. Her pigs had led a happy life. They were free to run and wallow in the mud. They ate non-GMO pig feed, routed for grubs and whatever delicious little treats pigs find in the mud. The scraps she fed them came from restaurants like Borealis in Guelph. Most of their food is locally sourced and ethically raised. How could I say no to such a gift?
An hour later I removed the pie from the oven. The crust was glossy and light brown in colour. I sniffed at it expecting bacon. Nothing. It smelled like blueberry pie. Delicious blueberry pie.
So, if you're in the market for locally and ethically raised pig's lard, I know just where you can get some. The pie was amazing and the crust was light and fluffy! My mom would have been proud.
Click here for more info on Magda Farm.

For more on the lard vs shortening debate, please see these links:

http://www.slate.com/id/2219314
http://saltspringnews.com/index.php?name=News&file=article&sid=19318

I'm interested in your comments. What do you think about the lard vs shortening debate?

Thursday, July 29, 2010

Rain rain, go away...


Every day I pop up to the garden to see if my highly coveted tomatoes have started to ripen. Last week, much to my surprise, I could see a little hint of red through the dense green. I was so excited that I ran into the garden and started pulling leaves back to take a closer look. In my excitement, one fell off the branch and hit the ground with a dispirited thud. I picked it up. From the top it appeared to be fine - but when I turned it over, there was a dark depression on the bottom, like an ugly, mouldy pockmark. I gasped. Of all the things that I wanted to work out in my garden,  the most important were the tomatoes. These were my San Marzano (Roma-esque) paste tomatoes and I had big plans for them.





After consulting the handy-dandy Encyclopaedia of Insects and Plant Diseases, I discovered that my tomatoes were suffering from blossom rot. Usually caused by drought, blossom rot can also occur after too much rain - and, there's been no shortage of that around here! While the roots of the plant rot slowly, water and nutrients find it more and more difficult to travel to the fruit. First the leaves start to die (turning yellow and spotted in the process) and then the fruit gets the dreaded spot, falls off and dies. And so my excitement turned to grave concern. I was mentally picturing fewer and fewer jars of delicious tomato sauce on my shelves. As you can well imagine, this has caused me great anxiety.
Unfortunately, there is nothing one can do about blossom rot, but beg the rain to stop and hope for the best.
This is my first time growing a garden of this calibre and all I really wanted were my own tomatoes... Rain rain, please go away. Don't even come back another day.

Wednesday, July 28, 2010

Tips: Things I would do differently next year

It's been a while since I have had a chance to write for pleasure - my apologies to those of you who look for more frequent updates. I have been in the process of launching my career as a freelance writer - which means a lot of work and little time. Unfortunately, the first thing to go has been my blog. But, I must admit, I miss it.
The garden. What a beautiful, wondrous place! It has been a TON of work - more than I had anticipated, but so so so worth it. I can't explain the feeling that I get everytime I walk out there; a combination of wonder and anxiety. Weeds grow at an alarming rate, but then so do vegetables. I have been too busy to go up there for a couple of days at a time and what I'd left as a tiny little growth has exploded into something ridiculously large. The following is a list of tips about growing your own food for
first time gardeners:



  1. Gardening, although A LOT of work, is deeply rewarding
  2. Plant many seeds but space them apart when they start growing - 6 carrots cannot grow out of the same space
  3. Don't plant everything at the same time, especially the greens
  4. Don't plant too much - you can't possibly eat everything!
  5. Give your plants enough space - they need it to grow
  6. Fertilize before you plant - fresh fertilizer will burn leaves and sometimes kill the plant altogether
  7. Don't make your garden too big. It is a lot of work and can be overwhelming to a newbie gardener
  8. Don't plant too soon - especially in our northern climate, the risk of frost is too high
  9. Don't plant too late - plants need all the time they can get to grow
  10. Don't cheap out on soil - if your soil is weak and low in nutrients, pay the extra money for fertilizers (horse manure compost is like gold around here!)
  11. Don't let the weeds run wild! This is really, really hard to do in your first year, especially if the garden is freshly dug. Seeds lay dormant for a really long time, so be prepared to be bombarded by them constantly.
  12. Keep an eye on the bugs.They can do a lot of damage, but the bulk of the damage can be avoided if you nip it in the bud early.
  13. Make sure you have enough sun and protection from the wind
  14. Stakes! Stakes! Stakes! If I had known how many stakes I was going to need I wouldn't have considered gardening a cheap endeavor. That being said, once you have them you always have them.
This is all I can think of for now. I bought some amazing books on organic gardening before I started so I was prepared for what might happen. I tackled each problem as it presented itself. Unfortunately, the only thing you can't control is the weather, but it hasn't been too terrible this summer.

My garden has produced an abundance of food this year - more than I could ever hope to eat myself - and it just keeps coming! I have a variety of mixed greens, romaine, baby bok choy, arugula, 3 different types of carrots, beets, radishes, squash, eggplant, patty pan squash, pickles, cucumbers, pie pumpkins, red and rainbow chard, spinach, snap peas, basil, peppers, and 5 varieties of tomatoes!!! Everything produced beyond my expectations except the parsnips. For whatever reason, I didn't get one. Or maybe I over-zealously weeded them out. No matter how much work has been involved, the entire process has been so enjoyable and rewarding that I have nothing to complain about - and the food is amazing! Hope the tips have helped a bit.

If anyone else has any tips, please post them here.